For Old Regime users. Ranked by marginal tax saved per ₹ you put in.
₹15,00,000
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Section 80C (ELSS, PPF, life insurance, home loan principal)
Used: ₹0 / ₹1,50,000Add ₹50,000 → save ₹15,600 (31% return)
#2
Section 80CCD(1B) (extra ₹50,000 dedicated to NPS)
Used: ₹0 / ₹50,000Add ₹50,000 → save ₹15,600 (31% return)
#3
Section 80D (health insurance — self + parents)
Used: ₹0 / ₹75,000Add ₹25,000 → save ₹7,800 (31% return)
A few things to keep in mind
Tax savings depend on your marginal rate. Higher slabs save more per ₹ invested. NPS extra ₹50K is unique — it doesn't share the 80C ceiling. Don't invest only for tax savings — match the instrument to your goals.